Locating connectors and methods for mounting solar hardware

ABSTRACT

A solar concentrator assembly can include mirror assemblies that are connected to pivotable frames with locating connections. The locating connections can be in the form of cam devices or tool-less connections formed by snap fitting devices as well as tool-less cam devices.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the subject matter described herein relate generally tosolar concentrators. More particularly, embodiments of the subjectmatter relate to concentrator component connectors and methods forassembly.

BACKGROUND

Solar concentrators are different from unconcentrated solar panels in anumber of ways, including challenges regarding weight distribution.Solar concentrator arrays are frequently mounted to, and have theirposition adjusted at, a central post or pier. Such concentrator arraystypically have a support structure with a lateral member, such as acrossbeam or strut. The lateral member is typically coupled directly tothe post, usually by a positioning mechanism. In turn, severalconcentrator elements are coupled to the lateral member, and aresupported by it.

As a consequence of the components' position above the lateral member,the center of gravity of the concentrator array is above the post, and,consequently, above the positioning mechanism. To maintain maximumperformance of concentrator systems, the concentrators, typically in theform of trough-shaped mirrors configured to focus sunlight into aband-shaped focal plane, are driven to track the sun.

In some systems, efficiency can drop if the mirrors are misaligned by aslittle as 0.1°. Thus, high performance of such systems is more likely tobe achieved if the components of the concentrator arrays aremanufactured to precise tolerances. On the other hand, high precisioncomponents and complex, time consuming assembly procedures can adverselyaffect the economic feasibility of such systems.

BRIEF SUMMARY

An aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includesthe realization that a locating connectors for concentrated solarcollectors can provide both a high precision and a labor savingsolutions for mounting solar concentrators to sun tracking framesystems.

Thus, in accordance with an embodiment, a solar energy concentrator cancomprise a frame, at least one longitudinal trough-shaped mirrorsupported by the frame, and at least one connection device connectingthe at least one longitudinal trough-shaped mirror to the frame, theconnection device comprising at least one tool-less connectionconnecting the mirror to the frame when the tool-less connection is inan engaged state.

In accordance with another embodiment, a solar energy concentrator cancomprise a frame, at least one longitudinal trough-shaped mirrorsupported by the frame, and a connection device configured to connectthe at least one longitudinally trough-shaped mirror to the frame with atool-less, self-locking fit when the mirror is moved toward the frame.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, a method of connecting amirror of a concentrated solar reflector assembly can compriseconnecting a first portion of a longitudinally extending trough-shapedmirror assembly from a first support disposed on a support frame. Themirror assembly can be moved such that a second portion of the mirrorassembly that is spaced from the first portion is moved toward a snapfitting disposed on the support frame. Additionally, the method caninclude connecting the second portion to the snap fitting such that themirror assembly is fixed to the support frame in a predeterminedorientation.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the detaileddescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the subject matter may be derived byreferring to the detailed description and claims when considered inconjunction with the following figures, wherein like reference numbersrefer to similar elements throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a solar concentrator systemhaving an improved locating connector for mounting solar hardware;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the solar concentrator system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar concentratorconnector mechanism, the solid line orientation being a connected stateand the dashed line orientation being a disconnected state;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a solar concentrator system with afurther embodiment of the connector mechanism illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevational view of the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 4, illustrating a concentrated solar collectorsupported by a transverse cross beam with a tool-less connection;

FIG. 6 is a further enlarged view of a portion of the tool-lessconnection illustrated in FIG. 5, with the solar collector removed;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the tool-less connection illustrated inFIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a mirror of the concentrated solarcollector illustrated in FIG. 5, illustrating upper and lower stiffeningmembers attached to the mirror which form parts of the tool-lessconnection;

FIG. 8A is an enlargement of a longitudinal end of the lower stiffeningmember illustrated in FIG. 8;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged side elevational view of the solar collector ofFIG. 8 illustrating an intermediate connection state in which theconcentrated solar collector hangs from a portion of the tool-lessconnection mechanism;

FIG. 10 is another enlarged side elevational view, with the concentratedsolar collector pushed upwardly into a position in which it can pivotabout a pivot axis between a connected and disconnected state;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged side elevational view illustrating the movementof the lower portion of the concentrated solar collector toward and awayfrom a snap connector forming a portion of the locating connection;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the solar concentrated array having afurther embodiment of a connector;

FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the connector illustrated in FIG. 12,with the mirror removed;

FIG. 14 is another perspective view of the connector illustrated in FIG.12;

FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the connector illustrated in FIG.14, in an open state; and

FIG. 16 is a further enlarged side elevational view of the connectorillustrated in FIG. 15, in a closed state.

FIG. 17 is an enlarged side perspective view of the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 4, illustrating an edge receiver supported by atransverse cross beam with a tool-less connection;

FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of the connector illustrated in FIG.17;

FIG. 19 is another perspective view of the connector illustrated in FIG.18;

FIG. 20 is a rear perspective view of the edge receiver illustrated inFIG. 17;

FIG. 21 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of a connectorfor an edge receiver;

FIG. 22 is a front perspective view of the connector illustrated in FIG.21; and;

FIG. 23 is a rear elevational view of the edge receiver illustrated inFIG. 22.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description is merely illustrative in nature andis not intended to limit the embodiments of the subject matter or theapplication and uses of such embodiments. As used herein, the word“exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.”Any implementation described herein as exemplary is not necessarily tobe construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed orimplied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background,brief summary or the following detailed description.

“Coupled”—The following description refers to elements or nodes orfeatures being “coupled” together. As used herein, unless expresslystated otherwise, “coupled” means that one element/node/feature isdirectly or indirectly joined to (or directly or indirectly communicateswith) another element/node/feature.

“Tool-less connection”—The following description refers to devices orfeatures being connected with “tool-less connections”. As used herein,unless expressly stated otherwise, “tool-less connection” means that oneelement/node/feature is directly or indirectly joined to (or directly orindirectly communicates with) another element/node/feature with amechanism that can be operated by a human without any tools or otherseparate parts to achieve a joined state and optionally to bedisconnected from the joined state.

“Locating connector”—The following description refers to devices orfeatures being connected with a “locating connector”. As used herein,unless expressly stated otherwise, “locating connector” means that oneelement/node/feature is directly or indirectly joined to (or directly orindirectly communicates with) another element/node/feature with amechanism that connects and also provides a locating function, such asfor example but without limitation, alignment of elements/nodes/featuresor enhancing contact between two elements/nodes/features.

“Adjust”—Some elements, components, and/or features are described asbeing adjustable or adjusted. As used herein, unless expressly statedotherwise, “adjust” means to position, modify, alter, or dispose anelement or component or portion thereof as suitable to the circumstanceand embodiment. In certain cases, the element or component, or portionthereof, can remain in an unchanged position, state, and/or condition asa result of adjustment, if appropriate or desirable for the embodimentunder the circumstances. In some cases, the element or component can bealtered, changed, or modified to a new position, state, and/or conditionas a result of adjustment, if appropriate or desired.

“Inhibit”—As used herein, inhibit is used to describe a reducing orminimizing effect. When a component or feature is described asinhibiting an action, motion, or condition it may completely prevent theresult or outcome or future state completely. Additionally, “inhibit”can also refer to a reduction or lessening of the outcome, performance,and/or effect which might otherwise occur. Accordingly, when acomponent, element, or feature is referred to as inhibiting a result orstate, it need not completely prevent or eliminate the result or state.

In addition, certain terminology may also be used in the followingdescription for the purpose of reference only, and thus are not intendedto be limiting. For example, terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “above”,and “below” refer to directions in the drawings to which reference ismade. Terms such as “front”, “back”, “rear”, and “side” describe theorientation and/or location of portions of the component within aconsistent but arbitrary frame of reference which is made clear byreference to the text and the associated drawings describing thecomponent under discussion. Such terminology may include the wordsspecifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similarimport. Similarly, the terms “first”, “second”, and other such numericalterms referring to structures do not imply a sequence or order unlessclearly indicated by the context.

The inventions disclosed herein are described in the context of a solarconcentrator array. However, these inventions can be used in othercontexts as well. A solar energy concentrator is disclosed, the solarenergy concentrator comprising a frame, at least one edge solar receiversupported by the frame, and at least one connection device connectingthe at least one edge solar receiver to the frame, the connection devicecomprising at least one tool-less connection connecting the edge solarreceiver to the frame when the tool-less connection is in an engagedstate. Another embodiment of a solar energy concentrator is disclosed,the solar energy concentrator comprising a frame, an edge solar receiversupported by the frame, and connection means for connecting the edgesolar receiver to the frame with a tool-less, self-locking fit when themirror is moved toward the frame. A method of connecting an edge solarreceiver of a concentrated solar reflector assembly is also disclosed.The method comprises connecting a first portion of a longitudinallyextending edge solar receiver assembly from a first support disposed ona support frame, moving the edge solar receiver assembly such that asecond portion of the edge solar receiver assembly that is spaced fromthe first portion is moved toward a snap fitting disposed on the supportframe, and connecting the second portion to the snap fitting such thatthe edge solar receiver assembly is fixed to the support frame in apredetermined orientation.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of a solar concentrator array orassembly 100. The drawings contained herein are for descriptive purposesand may not be to scale. Certain features may be exaggerated forexplanation. The solar concentrator assembly 100 comprises a pier orpost 102 which supports a crossbeam 104 and torque tube 106. Thecrossbeam 104 in turn supports first and second groups of concentratorelements 120, 140 supported by the crossbeam 104 with locatingconnectors 200, described in greater detail below with reference toFIGS. 3-24.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first group of concentrator elements120 face in one direction, and the second group of concentrator elements140 are positioned facing the opposite direction, with the changeoverbetween them occurring at the torque tube 106. Certain elements areshown, while others are omitted for clarity and descriptive purposes, aswill be explained in greater detail below.

The post 102 can be a single post or one of several supporting the solarconcentrator assembly. The post 102 is preferably anchored within afoundation in the ground to support it. The post 102 can be a solid orhollow member of sufficient size and cross-sectional characteristics tosupport the solar concentrator assembly 100. The post 102 can be formedof a metal, such as steel, aluminum, and similar high-strength metals,or alternative material. For example, concrete or ceramic can be used insome embodiments, as desired.

When groups of concentrator elements are positioned laterally adjacenteach other to extend the solar concentrator assembly 100, multiple posts102 can be used, spaced appropriately, to support the entirearrangement. Thus, although only one group of concentrator elements isshown facing each direction in FIGS. 1 and 2, more groups can bepositioned along the torque tube 106, extending the solar concentratorassembly 100. Posts 102 can be positioned between every concentratorelement group or spaced further apart, as desired.

The crossbeam 104 is supported by the post 102 and torque tube 106. Thecrossbeam 104 can have a substantially horizontal shape, which caninclude an upwardly-angled portion for positioning individualconcentrator elements. The crossbeam 104 can be one of severalcrossbeams or cross-pieces which support a given concentrator elementgroup. Thus, although one crossbeam 104 is shown, several lateralmembers can support a single concentrator element successively along thetorque tube 106. The crossbeam is preferably made from a high-strengthmetal such as steel, although other materials can be used, as desired.

The rotational member, or torque tube 106, can be mounted to, andsupported by, the post 102. The torque tube 106 is preferably mounted byor to a bearing or bushing or other assembly permitting rotation of thetorque tube 106 along its long axis. In some embodiments, a motor orother driving device can be situated between the post 102 and torquetube 106 to adjust the position of the torque tube 104, andcorrespondingly, the position of the concentrator element groups 120,140. The torque tube 106 is preferably a hollow tube with a circularcross-section, although other shapes and geometries can be used ifpreferred, including elliptical or solid shafts. The torque tube 106 hasa long axis extending along its length. The long axis extends throughthe center of the cross-section of the torque tube 106 and the torquetube rotates around it.

The torque tube 106 can extend through multiple concentrator elementgroups, including extending substantially entirely along the width ofthe concentrator elements, either as a unitary piece or by couplingtogether similar tubes. Thus, although the torque tube 106 is shown withtwo concentrator element groups 120, 140, there can be other elementgroups adjacent these, up to an appropriate limit. The torque tube 106preferably can support the weight of the crossbeam 104 and concentratorelement groups 120, 140 with minimal elastic or inelastic deforming,thereby inhibiting alignment error into the solar concentrator assembly100. The torque tube 106 is preferably rigidly mounted to thecrosspieces, including crossbeam 104, such that rotating the torque tube106 around its long axis similarly rotates the crosspieces.

The solar concentrator element groups 120, 140, can be directly orindirectly, coupled to and supported by the crossbeam 104 and torquetube 106, with locating connectors 200, described in greater detailbelow. The first concentrator element group 120 is composed of thefirst, second, and third concentrator elements 122, 124, 126. The secondconcentrator group 140 is composed of fourth, fifth, and sixthconcentrator elements 142, 144, 146. Each concentrator element 122, 124,126, 142, 144, 146 has a front, reflective side and a rear side.

The reflective side can be, or can include, a mirror shaped according tothe geometric characteristics of the concentrator/receiver combinationto provide concentrated sunlight on the solar receiver, along a focalband. The concentrator elements 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146 receiveunconcentrated sunlight and reflect it to a solar receiver, whileconcentrating it to a smaller area than the reflective surface.Preferably, the concentrator elements 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146 havea parabolic shape, as shown, although other shapes can be used.

For descriptive purposes, certain aspects of the solar concentratorassembly 100 are illustrated not entirely to scale, in a differentposition, or in a different orientation than they may appear in certainembodiments. For example, concentrator elements 122, 142 are illustratedwith a greater vertical position than might be the case in someembodiments. Thus, in certain embodiments, the concentrator elements122, 142 may extend substantially entirely over the torque tube 106,thereby reducing the amount of sunlight which falls between them andincreasing the amount captured by the concentrator elements 122.Similarly, all concentrator elements 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146 canhave such different orientations.

The first concentrator element 122 reflects concentrated sunlight to thefirst solar receiver 132. The second concentrator element 124 reflectsconcentrated sunlight to the second solar receiver 134. The thirdconcentrator element 126 can also direct concentrated sunlight to areceiver mounted on the crossbeam 104, although it has been omitted forclarity. Similarly, the fourth and fifth concentrator elements 142, 144can direct concentrated sunlight to the third and fourth solar receivers152, 154, with the solar receiver corresponding to the sixthconcentrator element 146 omitted for clarity. The omitted solarreceivers corresponding to the third and sixth concentrator elements126, 146 can be positioned at heights and in orientations necessary tocooperate with certain techniques described herein. Thus, the offset forthe omitted receivers can correspond to the offset between the first andsecond solar receivers 132, 134 in a concentrator row.

Each solar receiver 132, 134, 152, 154 can be mounted to the rear sideof a concentrator element, as shown. The solar receivers 132, 134, 152,154 can comprise a photovoltaic solar cell, diode, interconnect, thermaladhesive, heat spreading device, encapsulant, frame, junction box and/ormicro-inverter, and other components as appropriate or desired forefficiently converting received concentrated sunlight to power,including electrical power. In some embodiments, the solar receivers cancomprise back-contact, back junction solar cells, while in others,front-contact or other cells can be used. In certain embodiments, thesolar receivers 132, 134, 152, 154 can be supported independently fromthe concentrator elements, such as by a support assembly coupled to thecrossbeam 104.

Each solar receiver 132, 134, 152, 154 is preferably coupled to aconcentrator element in a position such that reflected, concentratedsunlight impinges it at a predetermined angle. It is desirable that theincoming concentrated sunlight impinges at a 90° angle to the surface ofthe solar receiver 132, 134, 152, 154. Thus, each solar receiver ispreferably mounted in such a position that the surface of each solarreceiver 132, 134, 152, 154 is at a right angle, or as nearly a rightangle as practicable, to the anticipated angle of impinging concentratedsunlight from each concentrator element 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146, aswill be explained in greater detail below.

Because the solar concentrator assembly 100 operates most efficientlywhen the maximum available sunlight is received by the concentratorelements 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146, the torque tube 106 can berotated during daily operation to adjust the position of the crossbeam104 and other cross-pieces. This in turn changes the orientation of theconcentrator elements 122, 124, 126, 142, 144, 146, which can bepositioned to advantageously and desirably receive as much sunlight aspossible.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/849,604, filed Aug. 3, 2010discloses other embodiments of the solar concentrator assembly 100,identified by the reference numerals 200 and 300 with which the presentinventions can be used. The entirety of the descriptions of all of thevarious embodiments of the solar concentrator assemblies disclosed inthe '604 application are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.

With reference to FIG. 3, as noted above, the solar concentratorassembly 100 can include a locating connectors 200 for connecting theconcentrator element 122 to a cross beam 104. The locating connectorscan include a first connection element 202 mounted to the cross beam 104and a second connection element 204 mounted to the concentrator element122. In some embodiments, the first and second connection elements 202,204 can be configured to releasably engage each other without the needfor any tools and thereby function as a tool-less connector. Optionally,the first and second connection elements 202, 204 can also be configuredto be released from each other without the use of any tools.

In some embodiments, the locating connector 200 can also include a pivotconnection 206 configured to define a pivot axis about which theconcentrator element 122 can pivot, for example, through a range ofpivot motion 0. More specifically, the pivot 206 can be configured toallow the concentrator element 122 to pivot between a disconnected state(illustrated in phantom line) and a connected state (illustrated insolid line). Thus, the concentrator element 122 can be moved from afirst disconnected state, in a single direction, into a connected state(solid line). The technique of a locating connector and a pivotconnector can be used with other components as well, including where theconcentrator element 122 is replaced with the edge receiver.

The specific mechanisms and/or devices used to define the locatingconnectors 200 can be configured, as desired, to withstand the loadswhich may be applied to the concentrator elements 122.

FIG. 4 illustrates a further non-limiting embodiment of the locatingconnector 200, identified by the reference numeral 300. Unless otherwisenoted, the numerical indicators used in reference to locating connector300 refers similar elements as in the locating connector 200 of FIG. 3,except that the number has been increased by 100.

With continued reference to FIG. 4, the locating connector 300 includesa snap connection formed by a first connection element 302 mounted tothe cross member 104 and a second connection element 304 mounted to theconcentrator element 122. Additionally, the locating connector 300includes a pivot 306. Edge solar receiver 180 is positioned along theouter periphery of the solar concentrator assembly 100 with a secondlocating connector 600 (FIG. 17).

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the first connection element 302secured to the cross member 104 can be formed in one or a plurality ofcomponents connected together. In the illustrated embodiment, the firstconnection element 302 includes a pair of sidewalls 310 extendingupwardly from an upper surface 312 of the cross member 104. Thesidewalls 310 can include locating holes 314 which can be positioned forlocating another component of the first connection element 302.

The first connection element 302 can also include a leaf spring member320 configured to define at least one snapping element for generating asnap-type connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the leaf springmember 320 can include four leaf springs 322 secured to a common lowerwall 324. Each of the leaf springs 322 can include an inward projection326 configured to engage portions of the second connection element 304,described in greater detail below. Additionally, the lower common wall324 can include locating holes 328 configured to be alignable withadditional holes in the upper surface 312.

The first connection element 302 can also include an inner block member330 configured to form a locating surface for the first connectorelement 302, to thereby cooperate in defining the secured position ofthe second connection element 304 when connected to the first connectionelement 302, thus providing a locating function. In the illustratedembodiment, the locating surface is defined by an upper surface 332 ofthe member 330.

The member 330 can also include sidewalls 334 which can also includelocating holes 336 configured to be alignable with the locating holes314 on the sidewalls 310. As such, a precise location of the member 330can be defined by aligning the holes 336 with the holes 314, asillustrated in FIG. 6.

Optionally, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the first connection element 302can also include longitudinal locating members 340. In the illustratedembodiment, the longitudinal locating projections 340 are defined bytabs extending upwardly from an upper edge of the sidewalls 310.However, the longitudinal locating projections can be formed with anytype member having any shape. The above noted structure of the firstconnection element 302 is merely one exemplary configuration that can beused; other configurations can also be used

With continued reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the pivot 306 can be definedin any known manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivot 306includes a pair of pivot sidewalls 350 extending from an upper surface312 of the cross member 104. Additionally, the sidewalls can include aplurality of locating holes 352 for alignment purposed as desired.

At an upper end thereof, the sidewalls 350 include slots 354 whichinclude closed ends 356. The closed end of the slots 356 can beconfigured to define a pivot axis, described in greater detail below.Additionally, the slots 354 can include an open end and a bend,configured to define a further pivot axis and/or a resting position forthe collector concentrator assembly 122, also described in greaterdetail below.

In the illustrated embodiment, the pivot 306 can optionally be formedwith a second reinforcing member 360. The reinforcing member 360 canhave essentially the same shape as the sidewalls 350. In thisembodiment, the reinforcing member 360 has a U-shaped cross section andis sized to extend over the sidewalls 350.

Alignment holes 362 on the reinforcement member 360 are positioned to bealignable with the alignment holes 352 of the sidewalls 350. Further,the reinforcement member 360 can include slots 364 having the same shapeas the slot 354 of the sidewalls 350. As such, when secured in theorientation illustrated in FIG. 6, the reinforcing member 360 provides areinforcement of the sidewalls 350. However, this is merely oneexemplary configuration that can be used to define the pivot 306, otherconfigurations can also be used. In certain embodiments of the sidewalls350, a simple vertical post can be used in place of the slots 354. Someembodiments of the post can include a tapering shape, verticallytapering as it extends from the sidewalls 350.

With reference to FIGS. 8 and 8A, the second connection element 304 canbe incorporated into a stiffening element 370. In the illustratedembodiment, this stiffening element 370 is essentially a channel ofstructural material, such as steel or aluminum, bonded to theconcentrator element 122.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the longitudinal ends of the reinforcing member 370include engagement recesses 376 configured to engage the protrusions 326(FIG. 7) of the first connection element 302. Additionally, the secondconnection element 304 can also include locating recesses 378 configuredto receive the tabs 340 (FIG. 6). Optionally, the stiffening member 370can be sized such that a lower facing surface 380 abuts against thelocating surface 332 (FIG. 7) of the first connection element 302 whenin the engaged state.

With continued reference to FIG. 8, a portion of the pivot 306 can beincorporated into a second stiffening member 390 mounted to anotherportion of the concentrator element 122. In the illustrated embodiment,the stiffening member 390 has a triangular cross section and is alsoconfigured to provide a mounting assembly for the solar receiver 132(FIG. 1). In the illustrated embodiment, a portion of the pivot 306 isdefined by a pin 392 extending from each longitudinal end of thestiffening member 390. The pin 392 can be configured to form a tight fitwith the closed end 356 (FIG. 7) of the slots 354, and thereby preciselydefine a pivot axis about which the concentrator element 122 can pivot,described in greater detail below. In certain embodiments, such as thosewhere a vertical, tapering post is formed in place of slots 354 on thesidewall, the pin 392 can be replaced by a port or slot in thestiffening member 390 which can receive the post, thereby aligning theconcentrator element 122 relative to the cross beam 104.

Optionally, the pivot 306 can also include a sprung contact member 366configured to overlap a portion of the slot 364. Additionally,optionally, the member 366 can include a protrusion 368 to providefurther positive contact between the member 366 and the pin 392. Thiscan provide the further advantage of ensuring electrical contact member366 and the pin 392 and therefore better ensure proper electricalgrounding of such an assembly.

The orientation of the pivot 306 in FIG. 9 corresponds to a position inwhich the cross member 104 and torque tube 106 are rotated duringassembly of the concentrator array 100. This orientation can allow aworker to assemble a concentrator 122 to the cross member 104 moreconveniently.

For example, in the orientation illustrated in FIG. 9, a worker can liftthe concentrator 122 and place the pin 392 into the slot 364. Because ofthe bent configuration of the slot 364, the concentrator 122 can rest ina first position, illustrated in FIG. 9, with the entire weight of theconcentrator 122 supported by the slot 364. Thus, it is advantageous toconfigure the pivot 306 with sufficient strength to support the entireweight of the concentrator 122 and all of the components connected toit. As illustrated in FIG. 9, the mouth of the slot 364 can be widerthan the rest of the slot, thereby allowing a worker to more easilyinsert the pin 392 into the slot 364. Additionally, once in thisposition, a worker can inspect the concentrator 122 to ensure properalignment and connections with other components as well, such as forexample, electrical connectors.

With reference to FIG. 10, a worker can then shift the concentratorassembly element 122 upwardly, such that the pin 392 moves toward theclosed end 356 of the slot 354. Additionally, this movement of theconcentrator element 122 upwardly, deflects the contact member 366 asthe pin 392 moves past the projection 368, then remains in a biasedcontacting state; the spring force creating a positively biased contactbetween the pin 392 and the member 366. More specifically, with the pin392 secured in this position, the member 366 will be under constantelastic deflection and thus perpetually pressing against the pin 392 andthereby better maintaining an electrical connection, for example, bypreventing gases such as oxygen from migrating into the area between thecontact surfaces, and causing oxidation or other forms of corrosion.

With continued reference to FIG. 11, as noted above, with the pin 392 inthe closed end 356 of the slot 354, the concentrator element 122 can bepivoted over the range of movement 0 to thereby move the secondconnection element 304 toward the first connection element 302. As thesecond connection element 304 is moved into engagement with the leafmembers 322, the inward projection portions 326 contact the outersurface of the reinforcing member 370, deflect outwardly, and theneventually snap into place with the protrusions 326 extending into therecesses 376 as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Additionally, as the reinforcing member 370 moves further toward thelocating member 330, the lower surface 380 of the reinforcing member 370contacts the upper surface 332 of the locating member 330 to therebypositively define the rotational position of the concentrator element122. Finally, the projections 340 of the sidewalls 310 extend throughthe apertures 378 to thereby positively define a longitudinal alignmentof the concentrator element 122 relative to the cross member 104. Theseengaging and contacting surfaces all independently and collectivelyprovide locating functions.

With reference to FIG. 12, another embodiment of the locating connector200 is identified by the reference numeral 400. Unless otherwise noted,the numerical indicator is used for identifying components of thetool-less connection 400. Refer to similar elements to those in FIGS.1-11, except that the number has been increased by two hundred.

In the illustrated embodiment, the locating connector 400 is defined bya first connection portion 402 supported by the cross member 104 and asecond connection element 404 which is defined, in an illustratedembodiment, by a stiffening member 490. The concentrating element 122 isremoved from FIG. 13 merely for convenience of illustration.Additionally, it is to be noted that the locating connector 400 isdescribed in the context of only a single connection between eachlateral end of the concentrating element 122. However, it is to beunderstood that the additional locating connectors 400 can be used toconnect the concentrating element 122 to the crossmember 104, forexample, two connectors 400 on each longitudinal end of theconcentrating element 122. Only one such connection is illustratedmerely for convenience. Where two connectors 400 are disposed at eachlongitudinal end of the concentrating element 122, the connectors canhave an arrangement corresponding to the staggered height reflected inFirgure 12 and 13 and can face toward the same direction for ease ofassembly.

With reference to FIGS. 13-15, the first connection element 402 caninclude an upwardly extending support wall 450. An upper end of thesupport wall 450 can include a slot 460 for receiving a portion of thesecond connection element 404.

The first connection element can also include a cam member 462. The cammember 462 can include a camming surface 464, a lever handle 466, and apivot 468. However, other configurations can also be used.

With reference to FIG. 15, the camming surface 464 can include a maximumradius portion 470 at which the camming surface 464 is disposed at thegreatest radius R_(M) from the pivot axis defined by the pivot 468.Thus, portions of the surface 464 adjacent to the point of maximumradius 470 are disposed at smaller radiuses from the pivot of 468.

In the illustrated embodiment, the cam member 462 is formed from afolded piece of structural sheet material, extending over the wall 450.The pivot 468 can be formed with any known device, such as a rivet,bolt, screw, or pin, etc. The second connection element 404 can includea slot 480 defined in the stiffening member 490. In the illustratedembodiment, the slot 480 is V-shaped. As such, the slot 480 includes awider upper end 482 and a narrower lower end 484. Additionally, the slot480 includes an anchor portion 486 configured to engage the cammingsurface 464.

With reference to FIG. 14, as the stiffening member 490 is moved towardthe cam lever device 462 the slot 480 can be passed over the cam leverdevice 462, as shown in FIG. 14. Additionally, the V-shapedconfiguration of the slot 480 cooperates with the wall 450 so as to moreprecisely define the relative position of the wall 450 relative to thestiffening member 490 because there is less clearance between the slot480 and the wall 450 at the narrower lower end 484 of the slot 480. Assuch, the wall 450 and the slot 480 can provide a locating function.

Further, the anchor member 486 can be positioned in the slot 460 definedby the wall 450 when the slot is fully engaged with the wall 450, asillustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. Optionally, the anchor member 486 canalso provide a further locating function. For example, the anchor member486 can be positioned such that it contacts the closed end of the slot460 when the stiffening member 490 is moved into a position in which itis fully engaged with the slot 460.

With continued reference to FIG. 15, in this fully engaged position, thelongitudinal position of the concentrator element 122 is defined by thecut edges of the wall for 450 and the slot 480. Additionally, as shownin FIG. 15, an upper surface 488 of the anchoring member 486 is curvedto have a shape that is generally complementary to the curvature of thecamming surface 464. In this position, the cam member 462 can be rotatedin a counter clockwise direction, to thereby slide the camming surface464 into engagement with the anchor member 486.

This configuration can provide additional benefits because, for example,but without limitation, two sheet metal components (e.g., the wall 450and the stiffening member 490) are joined together in an orientationsuch that their major face planes are perpendicular. Both sheetcomponents wall 450 and stiffening member 490 are cut (e.g., slots 460,480) to accommodate the joining features. The wall 450 supports the cammember 462 rotating about a point that is above the v-shaped slot 480.The cam member 462 rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to themajor face plane of the stiffening member 490. The v-shaped notch 480has two faces that can serve as datums for locating the mating part,e.g., the wall 450. One datum (e.g., the lateral sides of the slot 480)positions the face plane of the stiffening member 490 and the otherdatum (the narrow end of the slot 480 or the anchor member 486) definesthe stopping point of the movement of the stiffening member 490 into theslot 460. With two datums defining the position of the mating part, thepart is constrained in two orthogonal directions. Other configurationscan also be used to achieve such locating functions.

As noted above, as the cam member 462 is rotated to its full lockposition, the contact patch between the camming surface 464 and theengaging surface 488 of the anchor member 486 is in an area identifiedby the reference numeral 492, which is adjacent to the point of maximumradius 470. Thus, the engagement between the cam member 462 and theanchor member 486 achieves an “over-center” engagement, therebyachieving a stable engagement. Further forces, such as wind, etc,applied to the concentrating element 122 will tend to further rotate thecam member 462 in a counter-clockwise direction. As such, theconcentrator element 122 remains securely engaged with the cross member104.

Additionally, dimensions of the camming surface 464 and the engagingsurface 488 of the anchor member 486 can be determined so as to providefurther positively biased contact therebetween. For example, in someembodiments, these dimensions can be sized such that when the cammingsurface 464 rotates to the locked position, the pivot 468 and sheetmetal components can deform, for example, elastically by a small amount,creating pressure on the end of the camming surface 464. The pressure onthe end of the camming surface 464 forces the mating sheet metal of thestiffening member 490 against surfaces of the slot 460 and wall 450.Once the camming surface 464 rotates beyond its point of maximum radius470, the pressure relaxes a small amount in the joint and the cam member462 is stable in the closed position, but still maintains a positivepressing force between the camming surface 464 and the engaging surface488. Optionally, additional features can be added to ensure that the cammember 462 does not move out of the locked position or rotate in theopposite direction.

FIG. 17 illustrates an engaged edge solar receiver 180 coupled to aportion of the cross beam 104, specifically to sidewalls 612 of thecross beam 104. Although one engagement is shown, additional edge solarreceivers can be present beside, in the longitudinal direction, the edgesolar receiver 180. Thus, the connection assembly shown can bereplicated, including mirror images for symmetry, along the longitudinaldirections, engaging the multiple edge solar receivers.

As used herein, “edge solar receiver” refers to solar receivers asdescribed above and in further detail below. Some embodiments of solarreceivers, can be coupled to the concentrator mirror component, whereasother embodiments, such as the edge solar receiver 180, can be coupleddirectly to the cross beam 104. This is because the edge solar receiver180 can be positioned to receive concentrated sunlight from theoutermost concentrator elements 126, 146 illustrated in FIG. 1.Consequently, an edge solar receiver can be positioned to receive theconcentrated sunlight without requiring an additional concentratorelement supporting it.

With continued reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, certain features andcomponents of the edge solar receiver 180 can differ from receiverswhich are coupled to mirrors, including the rear surface of the mirror.Unlike solar receivers mounted to a concentrator element, the edge solarreceiver 180 can be supported by a frame component 660 which is coupledto edge sidewall 612. The edge sidewall 612 can have features andcomponents as described in greater detail below.

All of the techniques and embodiments described above for connecting theconcentrator element 122 to the cross beam 104 also can be employed forconnecting the edge solar receiver 180 to the cross beam 104. Thus,while some particular embodiments are described in FIGS. 17-24, someembodiments of the edge solar receiver 180 and its connection to thecross beam can incorporate features of the connection techniquesdescribed with respect to FIGS. 3-16.

With reference to FIGS. 17-21, the edge solar receiver 180 can becoupled to the edge sidewall 612 along the rear side 630 of the edgesolar receiver 180. The front side 632 of the edge solar receiver 180can include a solar cell laminate 634. The laminate 634 can include asolar cell portion 636 comprising photovoltaic solar cells. In someembodiments, the photovoltaic solar cells can be back contact, backjunction solar cells. In at least one embodiment, the solar cell portion636 is comprised of fractional solar cells, such as halves or quartersof solar cells arranged in a strip. The solar cell portion 636 can beunder a glass surface and surrounded by an encapsulent. The solar cellportion 636 can also include a backsheet. The entire solar cell laminate634, comprising the solar cell portion 636, glass surface, encapsulent,and backsheet, can be affixed to a heat spreading element 638. The heatspreading element 638 can be a heat sink or head spreader, such as anextruded or folded fin heat sink. The heat spreading element 638 can inturn be supported by the frame component 660.

With reference to FIG. 20, the frame component 660 can be a formed sheetof metal including punches or workings to form the features described.In some embodiments, the frame component 660 can be formed of anextruded metal, such as aluminum, or from a molded plastic, includingblow- and injection-molded plastic components. In other embodiments,tubing of the desired cross-sectional shape can be used. In certainembodiments, the frame component 660 can be a stamped sheet of metal.The frame component 660 can be affixed to the heat spreading element 638with a thermal paste adhesive having a high thermal conductivity toincrease the effectiveness of the heat spreading element 638. In someembodiments, an adhesive or bonding agent without high thermalconductivity can be used. The frame component 660 can be a stiff object,supporting the other components coupled to it.

The frame component 660 can have two flanges, an upper flange 640 and alower flange 642. The upper flange 640 can be formed by bent metal ofthe frame component 660 extending away from the heat spreading element638. The upper flange 640 can have a wide slot 642 extendingtherethrough. The port or wide slot 642 can be located near an end ofthe frame component 660. The lower flange 644 can similarly have a notchslot 646 extending therethrough. The notch slot 646 can have a narrowersize than the wide slot 642.

The frame component 660 can be releasably coupled to the cross beam 104at the connecting portion 610 of the edge side wall 612. The connectingportion 610 can extend upward from the cross beam 104, either verticallyor at an angle to the cross beam 104. A tab 614 can extend upward from asurface of the edge side wall 612. The tab 614 can have a rectangularshape and be sized in conjunction with the notch port or notch slot 646such that when the tab 614 is positioned into the notch slot 646, theframe component 660 is constrained from horizontal motion, anddisengaging the notch slot 646 can be accomplished by verticallyseparating the tab 614 from the notch slot 646.

The connecting portion 610 can include an upper portion 616 extending atan inclined angle to the rest of the edge side wall 612. The upperportion 616 can be angled to face downward toward the adjacentconcentrator element. The upper portion 616 can include a biasing member620, which can be cantilevered spring, discrete spring element, or snapfitting. The biasing member 620 can have a head portion 622 and a tabportion 624. When engaged, the head portion 622 can extend upward abovethe upper surface of the upper flange 640 when the tab portion 624 ispositioned to extend into the wide slot 642, coupling the upper portion616 to the frame component 660. This arrangement is shown in FIGS. 17and 18. The head portion 622 can be moved to an open or disengagedposition by manipulating it upward, removing the tab portion 624 fromthe wide slot 642.

Similar to the pivot arrangement described above, the frame component660 can be tool-lessly engaged with the cross beam 104 by firstinserting the tab 614 into the notch slot 646, then rotating the frameelement 660 towards the biasing member 620 such that the tab portion 624is lifted, then permitted to return to an engaged position inside thewide slot 642. In certain embodiments, the biasing member 620 can beformed such that it snap fits with the frame elment 660. In this way,the frame component 660 is coupled to the connecting portion 610 of theedge side walls 612 in a self-locking arrangement such that the edgesolar receiver 180 is arranged in a predetermined position. The edgesolar receiver 180 can then be disengaged from the connecting portion610 by withdrawing the tab portion 624 from the wide slot 642, thenrotating the edge solar receiver 180 away from the connecting portion610 and lifting the notch slot 646 from the tab 614.

It should be understood that although the biasing member 620 isillustrated as being a cantilevered element, a biasing device, such as aspring or any of the other connector types described above can similarlybe used. Additionally, the tab 614 can have a variety of shapes andsizes, so long as it is engageable with the notch slot 646 or otherconnection feature along the lower flange 644.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of the connecting portion 610 with theedge solar receiver 180 omitted for clarity. FIG. 20 illustrates a rearperspective view of the edge solar receiver 180 disengaged from theconnecting portion 610. The edge solar receiver 180 can be connected tothe connecting portion 610 with the tool-less connection to result inthe engaged state illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18. The frame supportingthe connecting portion 610 can thus engaged the edge solar receiver 180along the rear surface 630 of the edge solar receiver 180, positioningit to face one or more of the concentrating elements of the concentratorassembly 100.

Other embodiments of the edge solar receiver 180 and connecting portion610 can have different engagement features. For example, as illustratedin FIGS. 21-23 and similar to the embodiments described above, the edgesolar receiver 180 can have pin elements 680 which are mounted to theframe component 660. The pin elements 680 can be engaged to a connectingportion 610A at a slot 650 and slot engagement 671 with a biasing member670. As described above, the pin element 680 introduced into the slot650 can fit tightly in the closed end of the slot, providing a pivotlocation about which the edge solar receiver 180 can be rotated toengage the slot engagement 671 and captured by the biasing member 670.

Similarly to the embodiments described above with reference to FIGS.4-11, the slot 650 can be formed with sufficient strength to support theentirety of the weight of the edge solar receiver 180. As such, a workercan hang the edge solar receiver 180 from two of the slots 650, inspectthe edge solar receiver 180 to ensure proper alignment and connectionswith other components as well, such as for example, electricalconnectors, then simply swing the edge solar receiver 180 into itslocked position when appropriate.

The biasing member can have any configuration. In certain embodiments,the biasing member 670 can include a first end 672 fixed to a wall ofthe connecting portion 610A, a cantilever body portion 674, and a distalend 676 which can have a barbed configuration, configured for achievinga locked position (FIG. 21) in which the lower pin 680 is captured inthe lower slot 671.

Optionally, the distal end 676 can have a ramp-shaped outer face 678which can be configured to make the locking movement smoother. Forexample, as the lower pin 680 is moved toward the ramp-shaped outersurface 678, the interaction between the ramp-shaped face 678 and thelower pin 680 causes the distal end 676 of the biasing member 670 tobend outwardly. Then, as the pin 680 is moved further inwardly, the pinpasses the distal end 676, then snaps back to its resting position inwhich the lower pin 680 is captured in the slot 671. However, otherconfigurations can also be used.

While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in theforegoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vastnumber of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that theexemplary embodiment or embodiments described herein are not intended tolimit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claimed subjectmatter in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description willprovide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map forimplementing the described embodiment or embodiments. It should beunderstood that various changes can be made in the function andarrangement of elements without departing from the scope defined by theclaims, which includes known equivalents and foreseeable equivalents atthe time of filing this patent application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A solar energy concentrator, comprising: a frame;at least one longitudinal trough-shaped mirror supported by the frame;at least one connection device connecting the at least one longitudinaltrough-shaped mirror to the frame, the connection device comprising atleast one tool-less connection connecting the mirror to the frame whenthe tool-less connection is in an engaged state; and a pivot mountconfigured to guide the longitudinal trough-shaped mirror through apivoting motion about a pivot axis, between a disconnected state inwhich the tool-less connection is not in an engaged state and in whichthe mirror can be rotated about the pivot axis and a second connectedstate in which the tool-less connection is engaged with a snap fittingthereby inhibiting movement of the longitudinal trough-shaped mirrorthrough the pivoting motion.
 2. The solar energy concentrator accordingto claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a torque tube extending along afirst longitudinal axis and being supported above the ground forrotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the torque tube. 3.The solar energy concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the framecomprises a plurality of transverse ribs extending transverse to alongitudinal axis of the frame.
 4. The solar energy concentratoraccording to claim 3 additionally comprising a plurality of longitudinaltrough-shaped mirrors.
 5. The solar energy concentrator according toclaim 4, wherein each of the longitudinal trough-shaped mirrors extendalong a plurality of second longitudinal axes and each of thelongitudinal trough-shaped mirrors being supported by the transverseribs.
 6. The solar energy concentrator according to claim 1, wherein theat least one tool-less connection comprises at least first and secondpivot mounts.
 7. The solar energy concentrator according to claim 1,wherein the tool-less connection comprises a snap fitting and comprisesbiased spring members and apertures aligned such that at least a portionof the spring member extends into the aperture when the snap fitting isin the second connected state.
 8. The solar energy concentratoraccording to claim 7, wherein the spring member is configured to biasthe mirror toward the frame.
 9. The solar energy concentrator accordingto claim 1, wherein the tool-less connection comprises a snap fittingwhich comprises a first portion fixed to the mirror and a second portionfixed to the frame.
 10. The solar energy concentrator according to claim9, wherein the second portion comprises a at least one elasticallydeflectable portion which is positioned so as to be deflected by thefirst portion as the mirror is moved to connect the snap fitting. 11.The solar energy concentrator according to claim 1, wherein thetool-less connection is configured such that as the mirror is movedtoward the frame along a single direction, the tool-less connection ismoved from a disengaged state to the engaged state.
 12. The solar energyconcentrator according to claim 1, wherein the tool-less connectioncomprises at least one cam member that is configured to rotate betweenopen and locked position, wherein in the locked position, the cam memberachieves an over-center state with a positive pressing force against amating surface so as to secure the at least one longitudinaltrough-shaped mirror to the frame.
 13. A solar energy concentrator,comprising: a frame; at least one longitudinal trough-shaped mirrorsupported by the frame; connection means for connecting the at least onelongitudinally trough-shaped mirror to the frame with a tool-less,self-locking fit when the mirror is moved toward the frame; and meansfor defining a pivot path for the mirror relative to the frame, whereinthe connection means comprises means for connecting the mirror to theframe as the mirror is moved along the pivot path between a disconnectedstate in which the mirror can be rotated about the pivot path and asecond connected state to inhibit movement of the mirror through thepivot path.
 14. The support structure according to claim 13, wherein theconnection means comprises a first component fixed to the mirror andsecond component fixed to the frame, and means for locking the first andsecond components to each other by moving the mirror toward the frame ina single direction (straight or curved path).
 15. The solar energyconcentrator according to claim 13 additionally comprising means fordefining a pivot path for the mirror relative to the frame, wherein theconnection means comprises means for connecting the mirror to the frameas the mirror is moved along the pivot path.
 16. A method of connectinga mirror of a concentrated solar reflector assembly, comprising:connecting a first portion of a longitudinally extending trough-shapedmirror assembly from a first support disposed on a support frame; movingthe mirror assembly along a pivot path defined by the first support suchthat a second portion of the mirror assembly that is spaced from thefirst portion is moved toward a snap fitting disposed on the supportframe; and connecting the second portion to the snap fitting such thatthe mirror assembly is fixed to the support frame in a predeterminedorientation.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of connectingthe first portion comprises supporting all of a weight of the mirrorassembly from the first support.
 18. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising moving the mirror assembly along a pivot path defined by thefirst support.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step ofconnecting comprises moving the mirror assembly from a position in whichthe snap fitting is disconnected, along a single path of movement to aposition in which the snap fitting is in a connected state in which themirror assembly is in the predetermined position.